{
  "updated": "2026-09-24",
  "scope": "Reviewed comparison; not an eligibility decision. monthlyEur is a rough conversion of the lowest threshold.",
  "usdPerEur": 1.1367,
  "gbpPerEur": 0.85986,
  "countries": [
    {
      "slug": "argentina",
      "country": "Argentina",
      "flag": "🇦🇷",
      "region": "Americas",
      "visa": "Digital nomad visa",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "No amount stated",
      "basis": "Work and income evidence still required",
      "stay": "Up to 6 months",
      "renewal": "180 days; may extend for another 180",
      "months": 6,
      "notes": [
        "Available to nationals who do not need a tourist visa to enter Argentina.",
        "Remote services must be for people or organisations abroad.",
        "The official procedure is in person through the migration authority, rather than the Radex system."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-05",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.argentina.gob.ar/servicio/obtener-una-residencia-transitoria-como-nomada-digital",
          "label": "Government of Argentina — digital nomad residence",
          "supports": "Financial requirement, permitted stay and restrictions."
        }
      ],
      "monthlyEur": null,
      "test": "none"
    },
    {
      "slug": "barbados",
      "country": "Barbados",
      "flag": "🇧🇧",
      "region": "Caribbean",
      "visa": "Barbados Welcome Stamp",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "US$50,000/year",
      "basis": "Income during the intended stay",
      "stay": "1 year",
      "renewal": "Reapplication available",
      "months": 12,
      "notes": [
        "The Welcome Stamp is for location-independent work. Individuals and families may apply.",
        "The official tourism page lists US$2,000 for an individual or US$3,000 for a family bundle after approval."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-05",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.visitbarbados.org/barbados-welcome-stamp",
          "label": "Barbados Tourism Authority — Welcome Stamp",
          "supports": "Financial requirement, permitted stay and restrictions."
        }
      ],
      "family": true,
      "monthlyEur": 3666,
      "test": "income",
      "fee": "US$2,000, or US$3,000 for a family"
    },
    {
      "slug": "brazil",
      "country": "Brazil",
      "flag": "🇧🇷",
      "region": "Americas",
      "visa": "VITEM XIV digital nomad visa",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "US$1,500/month",
      "basis": "Or US$18,000 in accessible bank funds",
      "stay": "Up to 1 year",
      "renewal": "Renewable for an equal period",
      "months": 12,
      "notes": [
        "The New York consulate requires a foreign-employer contract and explicitly excludes business owners.",
        "Confirm the route for your work arrangement with your responsible consulate; the national resolution is reproduced on the same page.",
        "Health insurance and a criminal-record check are required."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-05",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/consulado-nova-york/servicos-consulares/visto-visa-2/VITEM/nomad_XIV",
          "label": "Brazilian Consulate in New York",
          "supports": "Financial requirements, local consular restrictions and Resolution 45 (duration and renewal)."
        }
      ],
      "monthlyEur": 1320,
      "test": "income",
      "fee": "US$290 at the New York consulate"
    },
    {
      "slug": "canada",
      "country": "Canada",
      "flag": "🇨🇦",
      "region": "Americas",
      "visa": "Foreign remote work as a visitor",
      "kind": "Visitor arrangement",
      "income": "Visitor requirements",
      "basis": "No nomad-specific amount stated",
      "stay": "Up to 6 months",
      "renewal": "Visitor status conditions apply",
      "months": 6,
      "notes": [
        "The cited IRCC guidance concerns remote employees of employers outside Canada.",
        "It describes visitor status, rather than a dedicated digital nomad visa. Do not assume it grants access to the Canadian labour market.",
        "Check your visitor-entry requirements and authorised stay before travelling."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-05",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/news/2023/06/canadas-tech-talent-strategy.html",
          "label": "IRCC · Canada’s Tech Talent Strategy",
          "supports": "Visitor status for foreign remote employment and stays of up to six months; 2023 policy explanation."
        }
      ],
      "monthlyEur": null,
      "test": "none"
    },
    {
      "slug": "colombia",
      "country": "Colombia",
      "flag": "🇨🇴",
      "region": "Americas",
      "visa": "Visa V digital nomad",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "About COP 5,250,000/month",
      "basis": "3x Colombia's minimum wage",
      "stay": "Up to 2 years",
      "renewal": "Renewal terms not published",
      "months": 24,
      "monthlyEur": 1416,
      "test": "income",
      "family": true,
      "notes": [
        "COP 5,250,000 is roughly €1,400, £1,200 or US$1,600 a month. Exchange rates move, so check the current rate.",
        "Only for passport holders from countries that don't need a visa for a short stay in Colombia.",
        "Bank statements must show the income over the last 3 months. You can't do paid work for people or companies based in Colombia.",
        "Health insurance valid in Colombia is required. Family members can apply as beneficiaries.",
        "Colombia's minimum wage decree was challenged in court and reissued at the same amount, so confirm the current figure before applying."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-24",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/atencion-y-servicio-al-ciudadano/tramites-y-servicios/visa/tipos-de-visa",
          "label": "Cancillería de Colombia · visa types",
          "supports": "Eligibility, 3x minimum wage income over 3 months, health insurance, stay of up to two years and beneficiaries. Spanish."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://dapre.presidencia.gov.co/normativa/normativa/DECRETO%20No.%200159%20DEL%2019%20DE%20FEBRERO%20DE%202026.pdf",
          "label": "Presidency of Colombia · Decree 0159 of 2026 (PDF)",
          "supports": "Article 1: the monthly minimum wage of COP 1,750,905 used to calculate the threshold. Spanish."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "costa-rica",
      "country": "Costa Rica",
      "flag": "🇨🇷",
      "region": "Americas",
      "visa": "Digital nomad visa (Law 10008)",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "US$3,000/month",
      "basis": "Foreign remote-work income",
      "stay": "1 year",
      "renewal": "May renew for another year",
      "months": 12,
      "notes": [
        "Bank statements must show the income arriving from outside Costa Rica over the previous year.",
        "The figure rises to US$4,000 a month if you want dependants included in the application."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-23",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.visitcostarica.com/digital-nomads/requirements",
          "label": "Costa Rican Tourism Institute · requirements",
          "supports": "US$3,000 individual and US$4,000 family thresholds; one year of income evidence."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.visitcostarica.com/digital-nomads",
          "label": "Costa Rican Tourism Institute · programme overview",
          "supports": "One-year stay and the one-year renewal."
        }
      ],
      "family": true,
      "monthlyEur": 2639,
      "test": "income",
      "fee": "US$100"
    },
    {
      "slug": "croatia",
      "country": "Croatia",
      "flag": "🇭🇷",
      "region": "Europe",
      "visa": "Temporary stay of digital nomads",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "€3,622.50/month",
      "basis": "Income or savings alternative",
      "stay": "Up to 18 months",
      "renewal": "Extension conditions apply",
      "months": 18,
      "notes": [
        "Work must be for a business outside Croatia; services to Croatian employers are excluded.",
        "Savings can cover the stay instead: €43,470 for 12 months or €65,205 for 18 months. Family members require additional funds.",
        "The six-month extension provision applies when the original stay is shorter than 18 months. Do not assume an 18 + 6 month entitlement."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-05",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads/286833",
          "label": "Ministry of the Interior",
          "supports": "Financial requirement, permitted stay and restrictions."
        }
      ],
      "family": true,
      "monthlyEur": 3623,
      "test": "income",
      "fee": "about €190 when applying through a consulate"
    },
    {
      "slug": "cyprus",
      "country": "Cyprus",
      "flag": "🇨🇾",
      "region": "Europe",
      "visa": "Digital Nomad residence permit",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "€3,500/month",
      "basis": "Net of tax and contributions",
      "stay": "1 year",
      "renewal": "May renew for 2 further years",
      "months": 12,
      "notes": [
        "For non-EU/EEA nationals working remotely for employers or clients outside Cyprus.",
        "Family members can obtain residence for the same period, but cannot work or undertake economic activity in Cyprus.",
        "The programme has a 500-permit ceiling; confirm availability before planning an application."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-05",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.gov.cy/mip-md/en/documents/digital-nomads-and-family-members/",
          "label": "Cyprus Migration Department · programme guidance",
          "supports": "Income, duration, family restrictions and permit ceiling. Official indexed guidance checked; direct automated access was restricted.",
          "access": "indexed"
        }
      ],
      "family": true,
      "monthlyEur": 3500,
      "test": "income",
      "fee": "€70, plus €70 to register"
    },
    {
      "slug": "czechia",
      "country": "Czechia",
      "flag": "🇨🇿",
      "region": "Europe",
      "visa": "Digital Nomad Program (long-term visa)",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "About CZK 73,800/month",
      "basis": "1.5x the Czech average salary",
      "stay": "Up to 1 year",
      "renewal": "Then a long-term residence permit",
      "months": 12,
      "monthlyEur": 3026,
      "test": "income",
      "family": true,
      "aliases": "czech republic",
      "notes": [
        "CZK 73,800 is roughly €3,000, £2,600 or US$3,450 a month. The ministry updates the average salary every May.",
        "Only citizens of Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, Israel, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, the UK and the US can apply.",
        "IT specialists need a STEM degree or 3 years' IT experience. Marketing specialists need a relevant degree of at least 3 years.",
        "Employees need a foreign employer with at least 50 staff; freelancers need a Czech trade licence. You can't apply if you've held a Czech long-term visa or residence permit in the past year.",
        "The Ministry of Industry and Trade approves you for the programme first. You then apply at a Czech embassy, and the Ministry of the Interior decides within 45 days."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-24",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://mpo.gov.cz/assets/en/foreign-trade/economic-migration/programs-and-projects/2025/7/Digital-Nomad-EN.pdf",
          "label": "Ministry of Industry and Trade · Digital Nomad Program (PDF)",
          "supports": "Eligible nationalities, professions, 1.5x average salary, family members and procedure."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://mpo.gov.cz/cz/zahranicni-obchod/ekonomicka-migrace/navyseni-mzdy-pro-modre-karty-a-nove-formulare-cestneho-prohlaseni-_-program-klicovy-a-vedecky-personal-a-program-vysoce-kvalifikovany-zamestnanec--292547/",
          "label": "Ministry of Industry and Trade · current average salary",
          "supports": "Average gross salary of CZK 49,215 a month, used to calculate the threshold. Czech."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ipc.gov.cz/en/visa-and-residence-permit-types/third-country-nationals/long-term-visa/long-term-visa-general-information/",
          "label": "Ministry of the Interior · long-term visas",
          "supports": "Maximum one-year visa and transition to a long-term residence permit."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "ecuador",
      "country": "Ecuador",
      "flag": "🇪🇨",
      "region": "Americas",
      "visa": "Temporary residence visa for remote work",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "About US$1,446/month",
      "basis": "3x Ecuador's basic wage",
      "stay": "Up to 2 years",
      "renewal": "Renewable once",
      "months": 24,
      "monthlyEur": 1272,
      "test": "income",
      "family": true,
      "notes": [
        "Income must come from abroad: 3 basic wages a month over the last 3 months, or 36 basic wages over a year.",
        "Each dependant adds US$250 a month to the requirement.",
        "Applications are online only, through the foreign ministry's e-VISAS platform.",
        "Health insurance valid in Ecuador is required for the whole visa period, plus a criminal record certificate."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-24",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.gob.ec/mremh/tramites/concesion-visa-residencia-temporal-rentista-trabajo-remoto-visa-nomada",
          "label": "Government of Ecuador · remote work visa procedure",
          "supports": "Income rule, dependants, insurance, online application, fees and two-year validity renewable once. Spanish."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.trabajo.gob.ec/despues-de-casi-una-decada-hay-consenso-gobierno-empleadores-y-trabajadores-acuerdan-fijar-el-salario-basico-unificado-de-2026-en-usd-482-no-hay-imposicion-hay-union/",
          "label": "Ministry of Labour · basic wage",
          "supports": "The US$482 basic wage used to calculate the threshold. Official indexed text checked; direct automated access was restricted. Spanish.",
          "access": "indexed"
        }
      ],
      "fee": "US$50 to apply, plus US$270 on approval"
    },
    {
      "slug": "estonia",
      "country": "Estonia",
      "flag": "🇪🇪",
      "region": "Europe",
      "visa": "Teleworking long-stay (D) visa",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "€132/day",
      "basis": "Equivalent to €3,960/month",
      "stay": "Up to 1 year",
      "renewal": "Consecutive-visa limit applies",
      "months": 12,
      "notes": [
        "You must show €132 a day for the length of the stay, which the ministry states as €3,960 a month.",
        "One D-visa covers up to 365 days within any 12 consecutive months.",
        "The application is made in person, and nationality restrictions and supporting-document requirements apply."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-23",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.vm.ee/en/consular-visa-and-travel-information/visa-information/application-long-stay-d-visa",
          "label": "Ministry of Foreign Affairs — long-stay D visa",
          "supports": "€132/day financial means, 365-day maximum and the 548-in-730-day consecutive-visa limit."
        }
      ],
      "monthlyEur": 4015,
      "test": "income",
      "fee": "€120"
    },
    {
      "slug": "germany",
      "country": "Germany",
      "flag": "🇩🇪",
      "region": "Europe",
      "visa": "Freelance residence permit",
      "kind": "Other residence route",
      "income": "Individual assessment",
      "basis": "Finance your work and living costs",
      "stay": "Up to 3 years",
      "renewal": "Extension depends on business success",
      "months": 36,
      "notes": [
        "This is a general freelance residence permit, not a dedicated digital nomad visa.",
        "You must show that you can finance your work and support yourself, and obtain professional permission where required.",
        "Applicants over 45 need adequate pension provision. Individual requirements must be checked with the responsible authority."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-05",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/working-in-germany/setting-up-business/visa/freelance",
          "label": "Make it in Germany (Federal Government)",
          "supports": "Financial requirement, permitted stay and restrictions."
        }
      ],
      "monthlyEur": null,
      "test": "none"
    },
    {
      "slug": "greece",
      "country": "Greece",
      "flag": "🇬🇷",
      "region": "Europe",
      "visa": "Digital nomad visa (national D visa)",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "€3,500/month",
      "basis": "Net income from abroad; more for family",
      "stay": "Up to 1 year",
      "renewal": "Can lead to a residence permit",
      "months": 12,
      "monthlyEur": 3500,
      "test": "income",
      "notes": [
        "For non-EU remote employees, freelancers and business owners whose employer or clients are outside Greece.",
        "The €3,500 is after tax for income from employment or services. It rises by 20% for a spouse or partner and 15% for each child.",
        "The national visa lasts up to 12 months. A residence permit is a separate application, and you must still meet the requirements."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-24",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.mfa.gr/en/services/working-in-greece-as-a-digital-nomad/",
          "label": "Ministry of Foreign Affairs · Digital nomad visa",
          "supports": "Eligibility for non-EU remote workers based outside Greece, €3,500 monthly income and national visa of up to 12 months. English. Official indexed text checked; direct automated access was restricted.",
          "access": "indexed"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://migration.gov.gr/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Κώδικας-Μετανάστευσης.pdf#page=53",
          "label": "Ministry of Migration and Asylum · Migration Code, Article 68 (PDF, in Greek)",
          "supports": "Article 68, printed p. 4155/PDF p. 53: foreign remote work, 12-month visa, net work income, family increases and separate residence permit. Original 2023 enactment; Greek."
        }
      ],
      "family": true
    },
    {
      "slug": "hungary",
      "country": "Hungary",
      "flag": "🇭🇺",
      "region": "Europe",
      "visa": "White Card",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "€3,000/month",
      "basis": "Net income; previous 6 months",
      "stay": "Up to 1 year",
      "renewal": "One extension of up to 1 year",
      "months": 12,
      "notes": [
        "The income requirement must continue throughout the stay.",
        "The White Card does not provide a standard family-reunification route.",
        "Employment or business activity in Hungary is restricted."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-05",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.oif.gov.hu/factsheets/white-card-residency-for-digital-nomads",
          "label": "Immigration authority — White Card factsheet",
          "supports": "Financial requirement, permitted stay and restrictions."
        }
      ],
      "family": false,
      "monthlyEur": 3000,
      "test": "income"
    },
    {
      "slug": "indonesia",
      "country": "Indonesia",
      "flag": "🇮🇩",
      "region": "Asia",
      "visa": "E33G remote-worker visa",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "US$60,000/year",
      "basis": "Plus US$2,000 held for three months",
      "stay": "1 year",
      "renewal": "Extension available",
      "months": 12,
      "notes": [
        "An employment contract with a company established outside Indonesia is required.",
        "Alongside the US$60,000 annual income, a personal bank statement must show at least US$2,000 across the previous three months.",
        "The visa has to be used to enter Indonesia within 90 days of it being issued."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-23",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://evisa.imigrasi.go.id/front/faq/e076131c-0d39-469b-afaf-75fc66aff923",
          "label": "Directorate General of Immigration · official eVisa guidance",
          "supports": "US$60,000 annual income, US$2,000 bank balance, foreign employment contract and one-year stay."
        }
      ],
      "aliases": "Bali",
      "monthlyEur": 4399,
      "test": "income"
    },
    {
      "slug": "italy",
      "country": "Italy",
      "flag": "🇮🇹",
      "region": "Europe",
      "visa": "Digital nomad/remote worker visa",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "€25,500/year",
      "basis": "3x the €8,500 healthcare-exemption threshold",
      "stay": "Up to 1 year",
      "renewal": "Residence permit from the Questura, renewable",
      "months": 12,
      "notes": [
        "Two routes under one decree: self-employed digital nomads and employed remote workers, with the same requirements.",
        "You must qualify as highly skilled — a three-year degree, a regulated profession, or five years of comparable work.",
        "Six months of prior remote experience, plus a registered rental contract or property deed covering the visa period."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-23",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://ambpristina.esteri.it/en/servizi-consolari-e-visti/servizi-per-il-cittadino-straniero/visti/visto-per-nomadi-digitali-e-lavoratori-da-remoto/",
          "label": "Italian Embassy in Pristina · the 2024 decree in full",
          "supports": "Income formula, highly-qualified test, six-month experience, insurance, housing and the 365-day visa."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://consnewyork.esteri.it/en/servizi-consolari-e-visti/servizi-per-il-cittadino-straniero/visti/visas-to-enter-italy/digital-nomad-remote-worker-visa/",
          "label": "Consulate General of Italy, New York",
          "supports": "Renewal at the Questura, family sponsorship and the €24,789 figure."
        }
      ],
      "family": true,
      "monthlyEur": 2125,
      "test": "income"
    },
    {
      "slug": "japan",
      "country": "Japan",
      "flag": "🇯🇵",
      "region": "Asia",
      "visa": "Designated Activities (digital nomad)",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "¥10,000,000/year",
      "basis": "Annual income",
      "stay": "6 months",
      "renewal": "No extension",
      "months": 6,
      "notes": [
        "¥10,000,000 is roughly €55,400, £47,600 or US$63,000 a year. Exchange rates move, so check the current rate.",
        "Eligibility is restricted to listed nationalities and regions. Check the list linked by the ministry.",
        "Medical insurance must cover at least ¥10 million for injury or illness treatment.",
        "A spouse or child can accompany the main applicant, subject to their own requirements."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-05",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.mofa.go.jp/ca/fna/pagewe_000001_00046.html",
          "label": "Ministry of Foreign Affairs",
          "supports": "Financial requirement, permitted stay and restrictions."
        }
      ],
      "family": true,
      "monthlyEur": 4615,
      "test": "income"
    },
    {
      "slug": "latvia",
      "country": "Latvia",
      "flag": "🇱🇻",
      "region": "Europe",
      "visa": "Long-stay visa for remote work",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "€4,538/month",
      "basis": "2.5x previous year’s average gross wage",
      "stay": "1 year",
      "renewal": "Further stay not verified here",
      "months": 12,
      "notes": [
        "For employees of businesses registered in an OECD member state, or self-employed people registered in an OECD member state.",
        "Employees need evidence of at least six months with the employer; self-employed applicants need six months of income evidence.",
        "This route does not grant employment rights in Latvia."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-05",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.pmlp.gov.lv/en/receiving-long-term-visa-remote-work",
          "label": "OCMA — long-stay visa for remote work",
          "supports": "Financial requirement, permitted stay and restrictions."
        }
      ],
      "monthlyEur": 4538,
      "test": "income"
    },
    {
      "slug": "malaysia",
      "country": "Malaysia",
      "flag": "🇲🇾",
      "region": "Asia",
      "visa": "DE Rantau Nomad Pass",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "US$24,000 or US$60,000/year",
      "basis": "Depends on profession category",
      "stay": "Up to 1 year",
      "renewal": "Renewable once, up to 2 years in total",
      "months": 12,
      "notes": [
        "The US$24,000 threshold is for tech/digital roles; non-tech professions have a US$60,000 threshold. Check your role in the official list.",
        "The pass covers Peninsular Malaysia and Labuan. It does not provide the same stay rights in Sabah or Sarawak.",
        "Family members may apply. A spouse cannot work under this pass.",
        "MDEC's FAQ says foreign remote workers stop being tax-exempt in Malaysia after 60 days of stay."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-05",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.mdec.my/md-programmes/digital-nomad-pass",
          "label": "MDEC — Digital Nomad Pass",
          "supports": "Official programme page and application route."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.mdec.my/api/media/file/FAQ-DE-Rantau_Pass_v9.pdf",
          "label": "MDEC · DE Rantau FAQ v9 (PDF)",
          "supports": "Profession-specific income, duration, family rules and territorial scope; Section A."
        }
      ],
      "family": true,
      "monthlyEur": 1760,
      "test": "income",
      "fee": "RM1,080, plus RM360 a year for the pass"
    },
    {
      "slug": "malta",
      "country": "Malta",
      "flag": "🇲🇹",
      "region": "Europe",
      "visa": "Nomad Residence Permit",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "€42,000/year",
      "basis": "Gross income",
      "stay": "1 year",
      "renewal": "Up to 4 years total, with renewals",
      "months": 12,
      "notes": [
        "For eligible non-EU/EEA/Swiss employees, business owners or freelancers working for foreign businesses or clients. Nationality exclusions apply.",
        "Providing services directly or indirectly to Malta-based businesses or individuals is excluded.",
        "Renewal requires evidence of at least five cumulative months in Malta during the previous year. A family application route is available."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-05",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://nomad.residencymalta.gov.mt/new-faqs/",
          "label": "Residency Malta · programme FAQs",
          "supports": "Income, eligibility, family applications, one-year permit and renewal conditions."
        }
      ],
      "family": true,
      "monthlyEur": 3500,
      "test": "income",
      "fee": "€300"
    },
    {
      "slug": "mauritius",
      "country": "Mauritius",
      "flag": "🇲🇺",
      "region": "Africa",
      "visa": "Premium Visa",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "No amount in linked checklist",
      "basis": "Bank statements + monthly income proof",
      "stay": "6 months to 1 year",
      "renewal": "Renewable",
      "months": 12,
      "notes": [
        "The programme requires an overseas source of business or income and excludes entering the Mauritius labour market.",
        "Travel and health insurance, accommodation and financial evidence are required. A missing published number does not mean no financial test.",
        "The checklist provides for spouses and children.",
        "For stays under 180 days a year, the Economic Development Board says a regular tourist visa applies instead."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-05",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://residency.mu/live/mauritius-premium-visa/",
          "label": "Economic Development Board · Premium Visa",
          "supports": "Duration, renewal and overseas-work conditions."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://residency.mu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Checklist-Premium-Visa.pdf",
          "label": "Economic Development Board · checklist (PDF)",
          "supports": "Income and bank evidence, insurance, accommodation and dependents."
        }
      ],
      "family": true,
      "monthlyEur": null,
      "test": "none",
      "fee": "none"
    },
    {
      "slug": "mexico",
      "country": "Mexico",
      "flag": "🇲🇽",
      "region": "Americas",
      "visa": "Temporary resident visa (economic solvency)",
      "kind": "Other residence route",
      "income": "US$4,510/month",
      "basis": "Or a US$75,950 balance held for 12 months",
      "stay": "1 year",
      "renewal": "Renewable up to 4 years in total",
      "months": 12,
      "monthlyEur": 3968,
      "test": "income",
      "notes": [
        "This is a general temporary residence visa, not a dedicated nomad visa. Each consulate sets its own amounts; these come from the San Diego consulate's current checklist.",
        "Show employment or pension income for the last 6 months, or savings of at least US$75,950 in every month of the last 12. Employees need a letter from their employer approving remote work from Mexico.",
        "You apply in person by appointment, then swap the visa for a residence card at the immigration office within 30 days of arriving. The first card lasts a year; renewals add 1, 2 or 3 years, up to 4 in total."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-24",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/sandiego/images/visasingles2026/5a_Temporary_Resident_Visa_-_Economic_Solvency.pdf",
          "label": "Consulate General of Mexico in San Diego · requirements (PDF)",
          "supports": "Income and balance thresholds, employer letter, fee and appointment process."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/LMigra.pdf",
          "label": "Chamber of Deputies · Migration Law (PDF)",
          "supports": "Migration Law, Article 52(VII): temporary residence of up to four years. PDF directly readable. Spanish."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/denver/images/2025/VISAREQUIREMENTS2025.pdf",
          "label": "Consulate of Mexico in Denver · residence-card process (PDF)",
          "supports": "Page 1: swapping the visa for a residence card within 30 days, the one-year first card and later renewals. Not used for fees or amounts."
        }
      ],
      "fee": "US$56 at the San Diego consulate",
      "incomeAlternative": true
    },
    {
      "slug": "montenegro",
      "country": "Montenegro",
      "flag": "🇲🇪",
      "region": "Europe",
      "visa": "Temporary residence for digital nomads",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "About €1,800–€2,400/month",
      "basis": "3x the net minimum wage (€600 or €800)",
      "stay": "Up to 2 years",
      "renewal": "One extension of up to 2 years",
      "months": 24,
      "monthlyEur": 1800,
      "test": "income",
      "family": true,
      "notes": [
        "For employees of foreign companies, or owners of companies not registered in Montenegro.",
        "You enter normally, then apply in person at the Ministry of Interior office where you live, before your 90-day stay ends.",
        "Montenegro has two net minimum wages: €600 for jobs up to qualification level V and €800 for level VI and above, which roughly means a university degree. The rulebook asks for three minimum wages without saying which one applies to you, so confirm the amount with the ministry.",
        "You also need accommodation, health insurance and a clean criminal record.",
        "A spouse and minor children can join through family reunification. Once the permit ends, a new one can only be issued after 6 months."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-24",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://digitalnomads.gov.me/article/legal-status-for-nomads",
          "label": "Government of Montenegro · digital nomads",
          "supports": "Eligibility, documents, in-person application, two-year permit and extension, family members."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://wapi.gov.me/download/4fd3b2f4-afe2-4329-ab5e-6591974379a0?version=1.0",
          "label": "Ministry of the Interior · digital nomad rulebook (PDF)",
          "supports": "Article 5: monthly personal income in the year before application of at least three minimum wages. Gazette 131/2022. Official indexed text checked; direct retrieval failed. Montenegrin.",
          "access": "indexed"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://wapi.gov.me/download/adf2208f-f45a-4cdc-8b21-db7db1978119?version=1.0#page=26",
          "label": "Government of Montenegro · Labour Law, Article 101 (PDF, page 26)",
          "supports": "Net minimum wage of €600 up to qualification level V and €800 from level VI, as amended by Gazette 86/24. Montenegrin."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "panama",
      "country": "Panama",
      "flag": "🇵🇦",
      "region": "Americas",
      "visa": "Short-Stay Visa for Remote Workers",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "US$36,000/year",
      "basis": "Income from outside Panama",
      "stay": "Up to 9 months",
      "renewal": "May extend for another 9 months",
      "months": 9,
      "notes": [
        "For remote employees of foreign businesses or self-employed applicants whose work takes effect abroad.",
        "Apply inside Panama through a legal representative.",
        "The employee-letter checklist says monthly income must exceed US$3,000; check this wording if you are exactly at the annual threshold."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-05",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.propanama.gob.pa/visa-para-nomadas-digitales/",
          "label": "PROPANAMA — digital nomad visa",
          "supports": "Financial requirement, permitted stay and restrictions."
        }
      ],
      "monthlyEur": 2639,
      "test": "income"
    },
    {
      "slug": "portugal",
      "country": "Portugal",
      "flag": "🇵🇹",
      "region": "Europe",
      "visa": "Remote-work residence route (D8)",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "About €3,680/month",
      "basis": "4x the monthly minimum wage (around €920)",
      "stay": "2 years",
      "renewal": "Then 3-year renewals; permanent residence at year 5",
      "months": 24,
      "notes": [
        "This entry covers the residence route, which requires a residence visa before the AIMA permit application.",
        "Provide evidence of employment or services for a person or business outside Portugal.",
        "Income is averaged over the last 3 months. The threshold moves with the minimum wage each January, so confirm the current amount with the consulate handling your application.",
        "The first permit lasts 2 years and each renewal adds 3, with no cap. After 5 years (the first permit plus one renewal) you can apply for permanent residence, which also needs basic Portuguese."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-05",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/2022/09/19000/0002800097.pdf#page=30",
          "label": "Diário da República · Article 31-A (PDF, page 30)",
          "supports": "Four-times-minimum-wage formula, three-month averaging and tax-residence evidence. Portuguese."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://aima.gov.pt/pt/trabalhar/autorizacao-de-residencia-para-o-exercicio-de-atividade-profissional-prestada-de-forma-remota-com-visto-de-residencia-para-o-exe",
          "label": "AIMA · remote-work residence authorisation",
          "supports": "Two-year permit, three-year renewals and application documents. Official indexed text checked; direct access timed out.",
          "access": "indexed"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.dgert.gov.pt/retribuicao-minima-mensal-garantida-para-2026",
          "label": "DGERT · 2026 minimum monthly wage",
          "supports": "€920/month from 1 January 2026 (Decree-Law 139/2025). Portuguese."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://aima.gov.pt/pt/viver/autorizacao-de-residencia-permanente-art-80-o",
          "label": "AIMA · permanent residence (Article 80)",
          "supports": "Five years of temporary residence and basic Portuguese required. Portuguese."
        }
      ],
      "monthlyEur": 3680,
      "test": "income"
    },
    {
      "slug": "romania",
      "country": "Romania",
      "flag": "🇷🇴",
      "region": "Europe",
      "visa": "Long-stay visa for digital nomads",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "About RON 27,600/month",
      "basis": "3x Romania's average gross salary",
      "stay": "3 months",
      "renewal": "Then a residence permit from immigration",
      "months": 3,
      "monthlyEur": 5225,
      "test": "income",
      "notes": [
        "RON 27,600 is roughly €5,200, £4,500 or US$5,900 a month. It's based on the RON 9,192 average salary in Romania's social insurance budget law; the visa rules don't name the figure they use, so confirm it with the consulate.",
        "Income must meet the threshold in each of the last 6 months and for the whole stay, and come from work for a company registered outside Romania.",
        "After arriving, you apply for a residence permit at least 30 days before the visa's 90 days run out.",
        "You need travel medical insurance with at least €30,000 of cover, proof you're up to date with taxes, and company documents. Company owners should check the three-year company-history rule."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-24",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://eviza.mae.ro/TypeOfVisa",
          "label": "Ministry of Foreign Affairs · long-stay visa types",
          "supports": "Digital nomad eligibility, the 3x average gross salary rule, the 90-day visa and the residence permit applied for at least 30 days before it ends."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://eviza.mae.ro/SupportingDocuments#simbolDAS",
          "label": "Ministry of Foreign Affairs · digital nomad documents",
          "supports": "D/AS digital nomad checklist: remote employment/foreign company evidence, income for six months, tax compliance, travel medical insurance of at least €30,000, accommodation and criminal record."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.cnpp.ro/precizari-legea-bass-2026/",
          "label": "National House of Public Pensions · 2026 average gross salary",
          "supports": "Average gross salary of RON 9,192 under Law 44/2026. Used only to estimate the threshold; the page doesn't mention visas. Romanian."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "south-africa",
      "country": "South Africa",
      "flag": "🇿🇦",
      "region": "Africa",
      "visa": "Remote Work Visitor Visa",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "R650,796/year",
      "basis": "Gross salary",
      "stay": "Up to 3 years",
      "renewal": "Renewal terms not published",
      "months": 36,
      "notes": [
        "R650,796 is roughly €34,800, £30,000 or US$39,600 a year. Exchange rates move, so check the current rate.",
        "A signed contract with a foreign employer is required.",
        "Local employment is not permitted under this route.",
        "The checklist contains tax-registration obligations that depend on treaty status and time spent in the country."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-05",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.dha.gov.za/index.php/notices/1824",
          "label": "Department of Home Affairs · remote work visa notice",
          "supports": "The DHA notice page that publishes the official checklist below."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.dha.gov.za/images/notices/8october24/Remote_Work_Visa_-_requirements_-_9_Oct_2024.pdf",
          "label": "Department of Home Affairs · official checklist (PDF)",
          "supports": "Income, foreign-employer contract, permitted duration and tax-registration conditions. Effective 9 October 2024."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://ehome.dha.gov.za/epermit/home",
          "label": "Department of Home Affairs · ePermit portal",
          "supports": "Home Affairs' online portal for visa and permit applications. Requires an account; it does not list requirements."
        }
      ],
      "monthlyEur": 2903,
      "test": "income"
    },
    {
      "slug": "south-korea",
      "country": "South Korea",
      "flag": "🇰🇷",
      "region": "Asia",
      "visa": "Workation visa (F-1-D)",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "KRW 52.4M–104.8M/year",
      "basis": "1x–2x Korea's GNI per capita",
      "stay": "1 year",
      "renewal": "Extendable a year at a time, up to 3",
      "months": 12,
      "monthlyEur": 2808,
      "test": "income",
      "family": true,
      "aliases": "korea",
      "notes": [
        "KRW 52.4 million is roughly €33,700, £29,000 or US$38,300 a year. Exchange rates move, so check the current rate.",
        "The threshold depends on age and where you'll live. In the Seoul area it's 1.5x GNI per capita if you're 18 to 34 and 2x if you're 35 or older. Elsewhere it's 1x and 1.5x.",
        "Bringing a spouse or children sets it at 2x in the Seoul area and 1.5x elsewhere, whatever your age. The lower regional thresholds also need proof of accommodation.",
        "Freelancers aren't eligible: you must work remotely for a company abroad.",
        "You need criminal record certificates and medical insurance. Documents vary by embassy, so check with the one handling your application."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-24",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://overseas.mofa.go.kr/sg-en/brd/m_2444/view.do?seq=761493&page=1",
          "label": "Embassy of Korea in Singapore · F-1-D workation visa",
          "supports": "Income table by age and region, three-year maximum, family rules, freelancer exclusion, insurance and documents. Details vary by embassy."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "spain",
      "country": "Spain",
      "flag": "🇪🇸",
      "region": "Europe",
      "visa": "International teleworker visa",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "About €2,442/month",
      "basis": "2x Spain's minimum wage",
      "stay": "1 year",
      "renewal": "Then a 3-year residence permit, applied for in Spain",
      "months": 12,
      "notes": [
        "Employees work for businesses outside Spain. Self-employed professionals may do up to 20% of their activity for Spanish businesses.",
        "The trade ministry distinguishes a consular visa of up to one year from a three-year residence authorisation for people legally in Spain.",
        "The threshold moves with the minimum wage each year, so confirm the current amount with the consulate handling your application. Family applications require extra resources."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-05",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://prie.comercio.gob.es/en-us/paginas/teletrabajadores-caracter-internacional.aspx",
          "label": "Spanish Ministry of Economy · PRIE",
          "supports": "Work restrictions, visa versus residence authorisation and duration."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.exteriores.gob.es/Consulados/washington/en/ServiciosConsulares/Paginas/Consular/Telework-visa.aspx",
          "label": "Spanish Embassy · Washington consular section",
          "supports": "Income formula and family resources. Official indexed text checked; direct automated access was restricted.",
          "access": "indexed"
        }
      ],
      "family": true,
      "monthlyEur": 2442,
      "test": "income",
      "fee": "varies by nationality; the Washington consulate charges US$106 to US$3,020"
    },
    {
      "slug": "sri-lanka",
      "country": "Sri Lanka",
      "flag": "🇱🇰",
      "region": "Asia",
      "visa": "Digital Nomad Visa",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "US$2,000/month",
      "basis": "Required income remittance",
      "stay": "1 year",
      "renewal": "Renewable annually",
      "months": 12,
      "notes": [
        "Foreign employment, freelance work or a foreign business serving clients outside Sri Lanka is required. Local employment is excluded.",
        "A Ministry of Digital Economy recommendation, medical clearance, police clearance and health insurance are required.",
        "Extra monthly remittances of US$500 per dependent apply beyond two dependents. Tax registration is required for extension."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-05",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.immigration.gov.lk/content/files/visa/digital_nomad/Digital%20Nomad%20Visa%20Category.pdf",
          "label": "Department of Immigration and Emigration — visa category",
          "supports": "Financial requirement, permitted stay and restrictions. Also the US$500 yearly fee and the insurance requirement."
        }
      ],
      "family": true,
      "monthlyEur": 1760,
      "test": "income",
      "fee": "US$500 a year"
    },
    {
      "slug": "taiwan",
      "country": "Taiwan",
      "flag": "🇹🇼",
      "region": "Asia",
      "visa": "Digital nomad visitor visa",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "US$20,000–40,000/year",
      "basis": "By age, plus US$10,000 in savings",
      "stay": "6 months",
      "renewal": "Extendable up to 2 years in total",
      "months": 6,
      "monthlyEur": 1466,
      "test": "income",
      "notes": [
        "Only for nationals of countries with visa-free entry to Taiwan. You can't work for a Taiwanese employer.",
        "Applicants aged 30 or over need US$40,000 in one of the last two years; those aged 20 to 29 need US$20,000. A digital nomad visa from another country can also qualify you.",
        "You also need a bank balance averaging at least US$10,000 a month over the last 6 months, and health insurance covering hospital stays for the whole visit.",
        "The stay starts at 6 months and can be extended 6 months at a time, up to 2 years. Check the stay printed on your visa."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-24",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.boca.gov.tw/cp-158-7718-c0382-2.html",
          "label": "Bureau of Consular Affairs · digital nomad visitor visa",
          "supports": "Eligibility, income by age, bank balance, insurance and where to apply."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.roc-taiwan.org/au_en/post/16917.html",
          "label": "Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Australia",
          "supports": "The alternative route through a previous digital nomad visa and the no-local-employer rule."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://digitalnomad.ndc.gov.tw/faq",
          "label": "National Development Council · digital nomad FAQ",
          "supports": "Initial six-month stay, extendable in six-month steps up to two years."
        }
      ],
      "incomeAlternative": true
    },
    {
      "slug": "thailand",
      "country": "Thailand",
      "flag": "🇹🇭",
      "region": "Asia",
      "visa": "Destination Thailand Visa (DTV)",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "THB 500,000",
      "basis": "Financial evidence; not monthly income",
      "stay": "Up to 5 years",
      "renewal": "180 days per entry, extendable once by 180",
      "months": 60,
      "notes": [
        "THB 500,000 is roughly €13,100, £11,300 or US$14,900. Exchange rates move, so check the current rate.",
        "The DTV is valid for five years with multiple entries. Each entry allows 180 days, which the Immigration Bureau can extend once by another 180. After that you leave and re-enter on the same visa.",
        "Remote employees and freelancers can document their work with a contract, employment certificate or professional portfolio.",
        "Spouses and dependent children have an accompanying route.",
        "A police clearance certificate issued within 6 months of applying is required."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-24",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://london.thaiembassy.org/en/page/destination-thailand-visa",
          "label": "Royal Thai Embassy, London · DTV",
          "supports": "Financial evidence, work categories, family route, police clearance, five-year validity, 180-day stays and the one-time extension."
        }
      ],
      "family": true,
      "monthlyEur": null,
      "test": "savings",
      "fee": "varies by embassy (£300 in London)"
    },
    {
      "slug": "uae",
      "country": "United Arab Emirates",
      "flag": "🇦🇪",
      "region": "Middle East",
      "visa": "Dubai virtual-work residence",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "US$3,500/month",
      "basis": "Remote-work income",
      "stay": "1 year",
      "renewal": "Extendable",
      "months": 12,
      "notes": [
        "This entry uses Dubai’s GDRFA procedure. Requirements elsewhere in the UAE should be checked with the responsible authority.",
        "Evidence of remote work for an entity outside the UAE and valid health insurance are required.",
        "The entry stage allows 60 days to complete residence requirements. The one-year residence can also cover family sponsorship."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-05",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/64154a31-ec6d-11ec-140b-0050569629e8",
          "label": "GDRFA Dubai · Virtual Work",
          "supports": "Income, foreign employer, entry stage, one-year residence and family sponsorship."
        }
      ],
      "family": true,
      "aliases": "UAE Dubai Abu Dhabi",
      "monthlyEur": 3079,
      "test": "income",
      "fee": "AED 200 plus VAT"
    },
    {
      "slug": "uruguay",
      "country": "Uruguay",
      "flag": "🇺🇾",
      "region": "Americas",
      "visa": "Digital nomad provisional identity",
      "kind": "Remote-work route",
      "income": "No amount set",
      "basis": "Sworn statement of sufficient means",
      "stay": "6 months",
      "renewal": "One 6-month extension",
      "months": 6,
      "monthlyEur": null,
      "test": "none",
      "notes": [
        "There's no income amount. You sign a sworn statement that you can support yourself during the stay.",
        "You apply online after entering Uruguay as a tourist. Some nationalities need a visa to enter.",
        "The extension needs a vaccination certificate issued in Uruguay, your Uruguayan provisional ID and a new sworn statement. Adults also need criminal record certificates from every country they've lived in for 6 months or more in the last 5 years."
      ],
      "checked": "2026-09-24",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.liveinuruguay.uy/digitalnomadpermit",
          "label": "Live in Uruguay (Uruguay XXI) · digital nomad permit",
          "supports": "Who can apply, sworn statement of means, applying online after arriving as a tourist, extension and criminal record rules. English."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.gub.uy/tramites/hoja-identidad-provisoria",
          "label": "Government of Uruguay · provisional identity procedure",
          "supports": "Documents for the permit and its renewal, online application, and the fee of 55.71 UI (Uruguay's inflation-linked unit), which can't be paid from abroad. Converted to pesos at the national statistics office's rate on 24 September 2026. Spanish."
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.gub.uy/agencia-gobierno-electronico-sociedad-informacion-conocimiento/comunicacion/noticias/permiso-especial-residencia-legal",
          "label": "Agesic · digital nomad residence permit",
          "supports": "Six months plus a six-month extension, sworn statement of means. Spanish."
        }
      ],
      "fee": "about UYU 370 (roughly €8, £7 or US$9), paid in Uruguay; it can't be paid from abroad"
    }
  ]
}